Representation theory

Gramsic's Hegemony:
Representation is unequal. Dominant ideology is represented the most and therefore that's what people are likely to believe.

Stan Cohen- Moral Panic:
Cultures are subject to Moral Panic when a group of people become defined as a threat to societal values or interests.

Gary Giddens:
Claims that mediated experiences make us reflect upon and rethink our own self-narrative in relationship to others.

Gauntlett:
Media messages are diverse, diffuse and contradictory. Rather than being zapped straight into people's brains, ideas about lifestyle and identity that appear in the media are resources which individuals use to think through their sense of self modes and expressions.

Berger:
"Men look, women appear"
Women are there solely for the objectification of men.

bell hooks:
Skin colour is a code; lighter skinned women are considered more desirable and fit better into the western ideology of beauty. Black women are objectified and sexualised in hip-hop reflecting the colonialist view of black women.

Tessa Perkins- Stereotypes:
Stereotypes are assumptions we make based on groups of people:
Not always negative.
Not always minority groups.
Can be held about own group.
Can change.
Not always false.

Richard Dyer- Stereotypes:
Stereotypes are always about power; those with power stereotype those with less power.